Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria during Intracellular Pathogen Infection of Mammalian Cells

Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria during Intracellular Pathogen Infection of Mammalian Cells

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Oxidative stress, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are important for innate immunity against pathogens.ROS directly attack pathogens, regulate and amplify immune signals, induce autophagy and activate inflammation.In addition, production of ROS by pathogens affects the endoplasmic malibu relaxer reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, leading to cell death.However, it is grahams c+ eczema & dermatitis cream unclear how ROS regulate host defense mechanisms.This review outlines the role of ROS during intracellular pathogen infection, mechanisms of ROS production and regulation of host defense mechanisms by ROS.

Finally, the interaction between microbial pathogen-induced ROS and the ER and mitochondria is described.